Borobudur is a Buddhist temple located in Borobudur, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The location of the temple is approximately 100 km southwest of Semarang, 86 km to the west of Surakarta, and 40 km northwest of Yogyakarta. Stupa-shaped temple was founded by the Mahayana Buddhists around the year 800 AD during the reign of the Sailendra dynasty. Borobudur is the largest Buddhist temple or shrine in the world, and one of the largest Buddhist monument in the world.
This temple is composed of six terraces square on which there are three courtyards circular, the walls are decorated with 2,672 relief panels and originally there were 504 statues of Buddha. Borobudur has a collection of reliefs of Buddha most complete in the world. The main stupa biggest teletak in the middle once crowned this building, surrounded by three rows of circular 72 perforated stupas in which there are statues of buddha sitting cross-legged in the lotus position perfectly with mudra (hand gesture) Dharmachakra mudra (turning the wheel of dharma).
According to historical evidence, Borobudur was abandoned in the 14th century as the weakening of the influence of Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms in Java as well as begin the influence of Islam. The world began to realize the existence of this building since it was discovered in 1814 by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, who was then serving as the British Governor General of Java. Since then Borobudur has suffered a series of rescue and restoration efforts. The restoration project was held in the period 1975 to 1982 for the efforts of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and UNESCO, then this historic site included in the list of World Heritage Sites.
The Origin of the Discovery of Borobudur Temple
After Borobudur was completed, some of the inscriptions mention if the temple is then used by the time the Buddhist religion as a place of worship and pilgrimage. Use of this temple lasted only a short time, which is about 150 years old. In short the use of this temple is not in accordance with the long process of development. It is known to occur because of the massive migration of people around the Buddhist temple because of the collapse of the Sailendra dynasty. They pressured by the existence of the Hindu in quantity it more.
By getting at least the Buddhists around the region (Magelang today), Borobudur then not used again. He was not maintained and partially destroyed by people who do not think the importance of heritage in the future. Because no longer neglected, Borobudur was then further damaged by nature. Abandonment of a long time to make this magnificent temple overgrown with large trees, buried by volcanic ash in the surrounding areas, and covered the missing buried in the ground. [READ: Batu Merah Delima, usefulness, origin and price]
The restoration of Borobudur Temple First
Although already cleared from all sorts of debris, soil, and big timber cover. Borobudur temple is not yet perfectly shaped. Many parts gompel, lost and damaged by age swallowed. Recognizing this, in the year 1907-1911 AD, under the leadership of Van Erf, the Netherlands began a restoration of the temple, which seem rudimentary. This restoration was done with conventional technology, so that the relief has not been well established as the original. Borobudur restoration is only done merely to avoid further damage by moving rocks are vulnerable to collapse of origin Borobudur initially neglected. Nevertheless, Erf already contributed to the Indonesian people because he has saved the relics of the ancestors of Indonesia it from further damage.
Borobudur Restoration Stage Next
Preoccupied by political forces, military, economic, since the course of the first world war, some of the governments that had ruled Indonesia from the Dutch Colonial government, the Japanese Colonial Government, and the Government of Indonesia is no longer concerned with the heritage value of this history. Borobudur left without care, neglected and disregarded
Over time, when the country's condition began to improve, on August 10, 1973 further restoration was then conducted in the leadership of President Soeharto. Evidence of this restoration in the form of inscriptions weighing 20 tons were deliberately created and placed in the Northwest Temple facing east. Uniquely, the restoration of Borobudur temple which is under the leadership of Dr. Soekmono was carried out by about 600 workers most of whom are young workers high school graduates and STM building that previously have been given education and skills, especially on the field of Archaeology Chemika (CA) and Technology Archaeology (TA). They are the native sons and daughters of the Indonesian people themselves, none of which experts from abroad.
Some parts were restored from Borobudur Temple at that time, among others Rapadhatu (spot rate at the bottom of a square), the foot of the temple, Terrace 1, Terrace 2, Terrace 3, and Stupa Parent. With so many parts that have been restored, the time required for the course of the work is about 10 years. Yes, restoration was completed on February 23, 1983.
Borobudur Current
Borobudur is currently annually visited by more than 3.5 million tourists both local and foreign (Data in 2013). Regarding the origin of Borobudur, in one part of the temple is also described briefly. You can enjoy the beauty that is presented from the historic building, where the mountains that surround the Sailendra dynasty heritage building is certainly making its own experience. Wait no more, immediately got up to go to Magelang, and see one of the wonders of the world in Indonesia this.
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